Snowboarding as Exercise - 768 Words

Encomium Exercise Snowboarding is a form of exercise like many other sports and activities, but is seen by some as just a hobby and past time. To others, it is a way of life. Great praise should be given to the â€Å"art† of shredding the powder; it is not only fun but extremely healthy and supports an active life style. Like exercising and many other sports the main purpose of snowboarding is to feel good, have fun, and get a work out all at the same time! The meaning of exercise is an activity that requires physical or mental exertion, especially when performed to develop or maintain fitness. Snowboarding should be interpreted as an extreme or legitimate form of exercise like biking, Pilates/yoga, and weight training due to its large†¦show more content†¦The mental and physical input required to snowboard correctly and efficiently is highly demanding. This is why most people who have experienced an exhausting mountainside adventure with friends or even by themselves consider it to be an extreme source of physical exercise. Snowboarding does not only aid in cardiovascular health and flexibility, it also strengthens every major muscle group. In the leg group the quads, hamstrings, groin, calves, and, surprisingly enough, the feet and ankle muscles are worked. There are also major improvements in the core due to the constant balancing and controlled body movements which strengthens all abdominal muscles. Multiple other forms of exercising, like weight lifting, require people to start off with small amounts of weight and increase the amount they do in increments. This parallels the idea of snowboarding in that when you start, you begin on smaller less steep slopes like greens and blues, and gradually work your way up to the harder slopes which works your legs harder due to the mobiles and steepness that work require more physical exertion. Snowboarding down the slopes is like squatting your body weight a hundred of times over while trying to balan ce and stay on a certain path. Fitday.com explains this concept precisely, â€Å"You can enjoy the health benefits of snowboarding even if youre not a proficient snowboarder. Beginners can receive a few lessonsShow MoreRelatedWhat You Need to Know about Snowboarding Essay535 Words   |  3 PagesSnowboarding has a very popular sport over the years. Snowboarding gives a never before experience. Snowboarding is fun when you can do it with friends. The thrill of snowboarding fast down a snowy hill is fun as well. Snowboarding is less dangerous now due to snowboarding gear and safety signs on slopes. Snowboarding is also great exercise. It improves flexibility in your muscles, and strengthens your legs. Also snowboarding helps improve your inner balance. Snowboarding is also a great aerobicRead MoreThe Benefits Of Skiing And Snowboarding3425 Words   |  14 Pagesso my big question is What are the Benefits of Skiing and Snowboarding? I had to do a lot of research to find out exactly what I wanted to share with people. I did not want them to just see calories and how many are burnt, but I needed to put them in so people can relate. I want this paper to show people that skiing is a mental boost as well, a way for them to get out connect with family, friends, themselves even. Skiing and Snowboarding are such great ways to stay active during the winter, haveRead MoreAcupuncture Treated Patient Who Received A Traumatic Brain Injury From A Snowboarding Accident Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesThis case report illustrates the improvement of an acupuncture-treated patient who received a traumatic brain injury from a snowboarding accident. The patient progressed from initially not being able to walk, having difficultly with speech, and poor eyesight, to where he has now regained significant motor function, speech and vision and has returned to snowboarding. This case shows the beneficial effects of acupuncture when tailored to the patient’s condition. Through a co re acupuncture protocolRead MoreFitness Work : The Health Care Crisis820 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the services we provide. 3. Each year, increase market share in 3% in a constant rate. 4. Lower the expense cost after five years operation. Non-economic: 1.Within six years, expand our services to physic therapy, spa treatment and indoor snowboarding and skiing if possible. 2. To enlarge demand outside of business contract with companies and individual membership. 3. Make available more services and extend business to every community. Be the largest indoor super gym complex in the MelbourneRead MoreEssay Paintball: Promoter of Violence or Healthy Fun?†.777 Words   |  4 Pagesof paintball is growing everyday and with the different leagues and championships being held, the game has indeed spread far and wide. Currently, paintball is played in 110 countries with 15 millions players; it is bigger than rugby, bigger than snowboarding and even bigger than surfing. Why do so many people like to play paintball? And why is there criticism of the sport? Ross Taylor’s recent essay answers these questions. Ross Taylor has answered this question by his experience and perspectiveRead MoreThe Importance of Exercise and Lululemon Athletica Company858 Words   |  3 Pages Exercise is not referred to as work for nothing. In fact, people generally associate exercise with sticky clothes and sweaty bodies. Their focus is usually on what type of workout they will be doing that day, who will be their workout partner, or how much time they are going to spend in the gym. An important company has changed the mindset of many athletic-orientated people from a focus on the type of workout to the health benefits and life-style changes of working out and the apparel one shouldRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1099 Words   |  5 Pagesprevent and improve health. Now more than ever Teachers are in a position of a role model in which they can encourage, educate, healthful living styles and thereby change the weight status of our youth. Physical Exercise One important element in fighting obesity currently is physical exercise. The level of physical activity among pubertal children decreases with age; boys are still more active than girls, and children from families with high-level socio-status are more physically active than theirRead MoreEssay about Concussions Around The World685 Words   |  3 Pagesway to prevent a concussion from occurring is by wearing protective head gear. In whatever sport or activity you may do, think about ways you can receive a brain injury. In football, you should wear a helmet! When doing adventure sports such as snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding, or biking, wear helmets to prevent head injuries from falls. In fact, we can prevent concussions by 85% if we wear a helmet! (Haas) In your own local area, there are multiple ways you can help stop concussions. First, spreadRead MoreGreat State Wheat Flakes Can’t Be Beat Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagesflakes will give a great start to your active day, and she had developed what she believed were some clever scenarios for TV and print ads featuring the product being consumed after workouts in health clubs, following a morning jog, after a snowboarding expedition, to power up before rollerblading, and even while zipping along on a scooter (â€Å"Look Ma, no hands!†). However, upon reviewing her proposals, Charlie said that while the vignettes were on target because health-conscious customers wouldRead MoreThe Documentary Stress Silent Killer 1130 Words   |  5 Pagesincorporate increased heart rate, high blood pressure and a weak immune system. There is what we call â€Å"good† stress otherwise known as eustress and â€Å"bad† stress known as distress. Some good stresses I have participated in are going on rollercoasters and snowboarding and scary movies. I enjoy these stressors because I get the thrill but it safe controlled setting. The most interesting data in this documentary were identified with hierarchy in relation to stress. Stress exists within hierarchy, which is a social

MKT 315 WK 6 QUIZ 4 CHAPTERS 8 9 - 1272 Words

MKT 315 WK 6 QUIZ 4 CHAPTERS 8 9 To purchase this visit here: http://www.coursehomework.com/product/mkt-315-wk-6-quiz-4-chapters-8-9/ Contact us at: help@coursehomework.com MKT 315 WK 6 QUIZ 4 CHAPTERS 8 9 MKT 315 WK 6 Quiz 4 Chapters 8,9 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Why does it make sense to sell high-priced and exclusive merchandise such as diamonds, rare Cognac, or Waterford Crystal, through warehouse club channels? a. The warehouse clubs attract thousands of customers each year. b. Companies can sell last year’s style/model easily at the warehouse club. c. Two-thirds of the shoppers at a warehouse club are business owners, many of whom are successful and affluent. d. These types of manufacturers are changing their distribution channels†¦show more content†¦d. Identify where customers make their purchases. e. Identify costs in high density and low density regions. 13. Which of the following is not a type of geographical area for which census data are available? a. MSAs b. PMSAs c. MRCs d. PIPs e. CBDs 14. Key published sources for locating markets include all of the following except: a. Census Bureau’s Metropolitan Map Series. b. Commercial Atlas and Market Guide. c. Editor and Publisher Market Guide. d. The International Business Guide to Distributors. e. Sales Maps for Retail and Industrial Markets. 15. MSA stands for: a. Measures and Standards of Accuracy. b. Managerial Statistical Analysis. c. Management Standards Agency. d. Metropolitan Statistical Area. e. Marketing Selection Areas. 16. Market size refers to: a. The square miles within the market geography. b. The dollar volume of sales in a market. c. The number of buyers in a given market. d. The number of outlets within the market geography. e. The number of wholesalers in a specific industry. 17. If market geography and market size are both increasing, the average cost of serving buyers is sure to: a. Increase. b. Decrease. c. Remain the same. d. Cannot be determined with the information provided. e. Increase at a faster rate than additional revenues. 18. Market density refers to: a. The number of buyers in a geographic unit. b. The absolute number of buyers per intermediary. c. The ratio of dollar sales to number of

Alien and Sedition Act of 1798 free essay sample

Although this is partially true as there have been many improvements to homeland security, the fight began years ago with multiple acts being passed that, unbeknownst at the time, were in reality related to securing our homeland. In 1798 Congress passed a series of four laws that aimed to control the activities of foreigners in the United States at the time of the impending French Revolutionary War. The four laws, which were collectively called the Alien and Sedition Acts, included the: Naturalization Act, Alien Act, Alien Enemies Act and Sedition Act. The Naturalization Act focused on making a longer period of time of residency for someone seeking citizenship to the United States. This meant that instead of an alien being in the country four just a couple years before being allowed to apply for citizenship the new residency period would require anywhere from 5 to 14 years. The law was aimed at Irish and French immigrants. The Alien Act made it possible for any aliens deemed dangerous during peaceful times in the United States to be expelled. This made it easier for government to remove someone they thought could be dangerous but it only applied to peaceful times not war times which is where the Alien Enemies Act came in. The act made it possible for the not only the expulsion but the imprisonment of aliens who were deemed dangerous during wartime. These people would be considered terrorists today and these acts were the first step in combatting any attack whether it is during peaceful times or war times. Although these three acts were never enforced they did prompt numerous Frenchmen to return home thus proving the dangers that were present in our country before these acts were instated. The Alien Act was very vague in that it did not say that any foreign nationals had to do anything illegal. The government did not have to prove they were a threat to national security to be subject to deportation. The Sedition Act of 1798 was the only act of the four laws passed to be enforced. This act made it illegal for an individual to criticize the government in speech or print. The penalty for such acts was a fine or possible imprisonment. It was also vague in that it was aimed toward foreign nationals but included anyone from advocating for a cause of a hostile nation. It also made it a crime to oppose any measure of the government of the United States. It was said this act was to prevent riots, uprisings or unlawful assemblies. The act even made it illegal to say anything bad against the act itself or call for its repeal. Although these acts were controversial and a threat to freedom of speech the reason for the acts being passed were to protect national security. Many other acts were passed in the following years to combat terrorism. The Force Act and the Ku Klux Act were â€Å"the earliest examples of legislation in the United States to deal specifically with domestic terrorist groups† (Fagin, 2005). The acts gave the government the authority to use federal troops to enforce federal laws. It dealt with mainly the southern states and their fourteenth and fifteenth amendment rights. The fourteenth and fifteenth amendments are considered the reconstruction amendments because they were important in implementing the reconstruction of the South after the Civil War. The amendments dealt with the rights of the former slaves. The fourteenth amendment secured rights for former slaves and provided a broad definition of national citizenship. The fifteenth amendment granted voting regardless of â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude, but excluded the right for women to vote. These acts were aimed specifically at defeating a particular domestic terrorist group of citizens known as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). The KKK was known to terrorize any person of color or anyone known to hang out or associate with anyone of color simply because of their race. This act allowed federal troops to combat the KKK in their terrorizing of particular races but was short lived and deemed unconstitutional. It did help set the stage for future acts combatting domestic terrorism. The Espionage Act of 1918 and the Sedition Act of 1919 provided broad powers to the government ensuring national security relating to World War I. Before and during World War I there were believed to be enemy agents residing in the United States. The Espionage Act was passed to combat anti-war activities and attacks by foreign enemy agents. It also was aimed at â€Å"suppressing anti-war rhetoric, censoring criticism of the government’s war effort and prohibiting activities that would obstruct the war effort or aid the enemy† (Fagin, 2005). It made it a crime to interfere with operations or success of military forces. Promoting the success of our enemies, causing or attempting to cause an insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty in the military was deemed a felony. The Sedition Act of 1918 prohibited any anti-war effort or aid to the enemy. It even prohibited anyone from displaying the flag of an enemy nation. It also gave the local postmaster the authority to refuse to deliver any mail that was though to violate the act. Jumping ahead many years to 1995 The Omnibus Counterterrorism Act was created. This act allowed for prosecution on a federal level of any act that was terrorist related. It also changed the immigration law. It allowed the deportation of aliens not only accused but suspected of terrorism. This was a short-lived act that was replaced the very next year in 1996 by the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act. This act had many provisions including provisions previously used in the Omnibus Counterterrorism Act. In general terms it made it easier for agencies to prosecute anyone related to acts of terror including individuals who raised funds for terrorist acts. It enacted regulations requiring chemical taggants be added to other types of explosives so police can trace bomb to the criminals who made them which makes it easier to catch and prosecute the people responsible. The act increased penalties for terrorist crimes which can help deter a terrorist from carrying out an attack. This act had many more provisions included that were not allowed to be law until the attacks on September 11, 2001. After the attacks on 9/11 the USA Patriot Act was passed on October 11, 2001. This act had been months in the making but was pushed through quickly as it was deemed needed because of the attacks that had occurred. This act closed the holes that were left open by the Anti-Terrorism and Death Penalty Act allowing for much more lenient investigation into terrorists. It provided law enforcement with the proper tools to gather intelligence but came with much criticism. Many American thought it was a violation of their constitutional right of privacy and did not like the fact that the government has so much lenience when it comes to wiretapping or listening to phone calls. It might seem like a violation but it is done to protect us from acts of terror. If an attack is being planned and the agencies did not have the rights to listen we would be looking at another 9/11 incident but since they are able to listen and gather this information it will be easier to prevent such attack. Another controversial part of the Patriot Act is the â€Å"sneak and peak† provision. This provision authorizes enforcement agents to conduct a search without informing the suspect of the search. Obviously this means there has to be a search warrant and a plausible reason for the search but it allows them to search without the knowledge of the suspect which is not unconstitutional. The Patriot Act has been extremely successful at discovering terrorist plots thanks to the new provisions. Since 9/11 six terrorist cells have been broken up in Buffalo, Detroit, Seattle, Portland, Tampa, and North Carolina. †(Fagin, 2005) Would Americans rather these plots have been carried out or deal with a little invasion of privacy? When looking at the amazing success of the act it is clear that we must give a little to gain a lot. Many of these acts throughout history are great example of using law to promote homeland security. Some are controversial and have come under much criticism an d some were replaced with new laws to combat these criticisms.  One thing all these laws have in common is the underlying attempt to combat terrorism and keep Americans safe.

The Worst Things Freelance Writers Are Doing to Lose Business

Ahh, you searched on Google for freelance writer and after reading hours upon hours of blog posts, you decide this is the freelance service for you. Im so happy you decided to become a freelance writer, but I dont want you to get the false impression that its easy to land clients or make a ton of money. In truth, like any other new business venture, it takes time and investment to see any success. But, for many of us ahem, *raises hand we try the DIY approach to freelance writing. This is exactly what I did and I made terrible mistakes that costed me clients and cash. From pitching mistakes to writing mistakes, Ive done them all. I had to learn the hard way on how to succeed as a freelance writer and you know what? I dont want you to go through the same things as I did. So, to help you, Ive rounded up common freelance writer mistakes that you might be doing right now! Are you guilty of these freelance writer mistakes? The sooner you identify these critical errors in your business, the sooner you can fix them. Are You Doing These Things to Hurt Your Business? 1. You Dont Believe This is Your Business I get it Its hard to feel confident in your role as an online writer when youre brand new to the scene. However, freelance writing isnt a hobby. This is your new business, so act like it is. Youre the one responsible for finding writing jobs, negotiating with prospects, networking and more. As an online writer, you have to manage your projects and send invoices and all of that signals this is a legit business! Also, know that it might take time to hone your writing skills and get to the point that you have the confidence to make cold pitches or take on bigger clients. 2. Youre Trying to Be an Expert at Everything Just because you are a great writer doesnt mean youre a good fit for every type of company out there. Dont apply for writing jobs saying that you can write about anything with enough research. This can open the doors to anxiety when writing for clients and imposter syndrome (you know, other people thinking you are the expert when you really arent). Also, dont tell potential clients that you have always had an interest in X topic and then provide writing samples of writing in a different niche topic. This can confuse potential clients and hinder landing that job. Business owners are simple if you say youre a health writer they expect you to provide health related writing samples! But, sometimes faking it until you make it does have its place. When I first started out as a freelance writer I pitched to anything and everything that I was remotely interested in. A newspaper in the automotive industry responded to my pitch and they ended up hiring me. While I didnt know much about oil prices or race car drivers, I was confident that I could research and find credible sources to write my articles. 3. You Appear as the Desperate Freelance Writer Even though you might actually be desperate for writing clients, you cannot ooze that persona when pitching or replying to job ads. If a potential client wants you to do unpaid test articles or wants a lower rate, dont give in because you just want any money. This move can earn you a few dollars now, but it ultimately hurts your career progress. Plus, it wont push you ahead as a freelance writer. The only time this would be acceptable is if you havent landed your first client and all youre doing is guest blogging or writing samples. If that first gig is a lower paying gig than what you determined to be your rates, I say take it! Thats what I did and then whenever I applied to new online jobs or companies contacted me, I upped my rate. Not every prospect agreed to my rate, but once one did, the next time I pitched I pitched a higher rate. I did this until I was comfortable at what Im earning per 500 words. But, drop that lower paying client once you land a better client or negotiate a better rate with them. You dont want to spend most of your precious time with a lower paying client. Instead, spend the bulk of your time pitching to better freelance gigs. 4. Your Grammar Stinks Too many typos, run-on sentences, and fragments can irritate editors and clients alike. I try to read Strunks The Elements of Style yearly as a refresher, and I have a copy of the AP Stylebook for quick reference for my formal projects. For my blogging clients, using Grammarly is sufficient to catch grammar errors. We are all human and prone to mistakes, especially when we are sleep deprived or pregnant/postpartum. Dont expect yourself to be perfect, but also equip yourself with the right tools to avoid common errors. 5. You Miss Deadlines Clients prefer a reliable writer over a perfect one. Remember that when you start landing clients and trying to manage your workload. Editors can fix minor issues with your copy quickly, but they cant edit an article that isnt in their hands. If you struggle with deadlines, try breaking down your assignment into smaller sections and assign yourself a deadline two to three days before it is actually due. This is what I do and it ensures that I always exceed my deadlines, wowing clients to hire me for more projects! 6. You Bug Your Client Too Much Clarifying an assignment is one thing, but continually asking your client questions or for checks will get to them quickly. This was one of the biggest mistakes I did when I landed freelance writing jobs I wasnt too sure about. But I had to remember that many clients are busy, which is why they hired me! If you can prove that you are a stress-relieving, essential part of their business, you will be their go-to writer for everything. Plus, they look to us freelance writers professional writers as the expert here. WE ARE THE EXPERTS in writing and the business side of writing. So, they should look to us with the on-boarding process or delivering the product. 7. You Dont Follow Instructions Some freelance writing assignments will come with specific guidelines for SEO or word count. For these clients, these arent just recommendations. Dont think if your client asked for 500 words that they will be just as happy with 900. There have been times I was assigned a big topic, like Plan Out Your School Year Month by Monthwith a 500-word maximum. So basically, with an intro, conclusion, and 12points, each section would have to be 35 words. I let them know it would be hard to give concrete advice in a piece with a limited word count. This then helped them see that it would be better to break up the piece by seasons. Still not the length I desire but more realistic. For my other clients, the more words the better. Since my niche is digital marketing, for my clients to start ranking in Google, they know that long-form content is king. This is the type of content that Google finds highly valuable and rank on page one. So blog posts longer than 2,200 words is only a guideline for my clients. However, for new clients I always make sure to let them know that I went over the limit and to let me know if they want me to pare it down (as much as I possibly can!). For example, my latest assignment was a 3,500 word article and I turned in 4,025 words. In the whole scheme of things, the extra 525 words isnt anything to note. 8. You Make Repeated Mistakes Ive been picking up more big brand clients and these brands come with huge editorial guides, conference calls for pitching topics and pages upon pages of different buying personas. With the addition of newer brand clients, I make mistakes like when I have to switch between different AP preferences. One client likes all numbers in numeral form, while others adhere to writing out anything less than 10. Another client likes percent written out and another prefers the symbol for snappier writing and my Canadian client spells out percent like this per cent. Dont even get me started on the Oxford comma. It can be hard to keep track of all of these preferences or when an editor points out a mistake. What I have to do now is fill out the client profile in my Productivity Planner for Freelance Writers for each client and quickly bullet point important style notes as well as an editors previous notes. This then allows me to review the clients note quickly without having to dig up old emails or their 10-page style guide. 9. You Get Defensive About Your Freelance Writing Work When you receive critique from a blog post you submitted or are asked for edits, try not to take it personal. Youre not your writing. Some edits might need to be done due to writer errors and others might be requested due to preference. But, make sure to tell your clients during the negotiations of how many revisions you do for each project. For me I do no more than two. And if a client asks for two revisions, Ill most likely not work with them again. I dont have the time to try to fit my writing for that brand and its better for both parties to part ways so that they can find a writer for them. This has only happened two times in the five years of being a freelance writer! 10. You Offer Everything and the Sun Freelance writers have somehow become the go-to for everything in the realm of content marketing. Some clients want their writers to do SEO research, interviews, edit, fact-check, create social media prompts, provide images, and promote the content. If you can get the article featured on a big site too, Great, they say. Your job as a writer is to write. You are not a data scientist, social media manager, or PR rep. If your client wants you to do more than is typically expected in the realm of writing, then they need to pay you for the extra time required. I know as a new writer, you want that gig and you will take it, but be careful. As I mentioned previously, dont let that one gig consume most of your hours. You didnt sign up to be a freelance writer to be tied down to one job with a boss waiting for your work. Personally, I never take gigs that require more than writing or replying to comments on my blog posts. If they want me to edit other peoples work, then they can hire me as an editor too. 11. Your Rates Are Too Low Low rates can land you a few clients quickly, but they put you in a bad spot. With low rates, you attract lower quality clients (usually the needy or degrading ones). You will have to focus on quantity of work rather than quality, which wont allow you to scale your business. Its okay to start out with low-paying clients. The thing to remember is to have a plan to move up, dont stay at $.05/word! To be a successful freelance writer that makes a living out of this, you need to charge your worth. Are You Making One of These Mistakes? Its okay if you are making one of these mistakes. Now that you know, you can change and move on! Share in the comments any other mistakes you feel freelance writers are making that might be hurting their business! I want to help everyone out that not make the mistakes I did as a new freelance writer! Please pin me!

Significant Figures Example Chemistry Problem

Significant Figures Example Chemistry Problem Here are three examples determining significant figures. When asked to find significant figures, remember and follow these simple rules: Any nonzero digit is significant.A zero between two nonzero digits is always significant.Trailing zeros are significant if they are at the end of a number and to the right of the decimal point.Leading zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are not significant. For example, placeholder zeros in the number 0.005 are not significant (only the 5 is significant).If a number ends with a zero, but it is not to the right of a decimal point, it may or may not be significant. Generally, its safest to assume it is not significant. If you take a measurement where the final zero is significant, be sure to include the decimal point to make yourself clear. Significant Figure Example Problem Three students weigh an item using different scales. These are the values they report: a. 20.03 gb. 20.0 gc. 0.2003 kg How many significant figures should be assumed in each measurement? Solution a. 4.b. 3. The zero after the decimal point is significant because it indicates that the item was weighed to the nearest 0.1 g.c. 4. The zeros at the left are not significant. They are only present because the mass was written in kilograms rather than in grams. The values 20.03 g and 0.02003 kg represent the same quantities. Answer In addition to the solution presented above, be advised you can get the correct answers very quickly by expressing the masses in scientific (exponential) notation: 20.03 g 2.003 x 101 g (4 significant figures)20.0 g 2.00 x 101 g (3 significant figures)0.2003 kg 2.003 x 10-1 kg (4 significant figures)

Positions, Please

Positions, Please Positions, Please Positions, Please By Sharon Getting the right position is not just about making a good career move or finding your spot on the stage. There are several words that refer to the different positions in which you can lie. Some of these are not just about the body, but about the attitude. Here are some examples. In the 16th century, prone meant bending forward and downward. By the 18th century, it had taken on its modern meaning of lying flat. However, using prone implies that the front of the body is resting on the surface which supports it. In other words, youre lying on your front. In contrast, supine implies that youre lying on your back, a meaning it has had since the 15th century. Supine also means mentally or morally inert, according to the Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Prostrate also means lying down, but it has the additional sense of collapse, defeat and submission. Recumbent means lying down, often in a sleeping position and if you are reclining, though you may be lying down, you may also be leaning backwards, such as when youre propped up on a couple of pillows. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)Latin Words and Expressions: All You Need to KnowSit vs. Set

Compair and contrast between the hawk and the Lady in red Essay

Compair and contrast between the hawk and the Lady in red - Essay Example This paper discusses the differences and similarities between the two stories with respect to the major characters. Stressed, lonely, and living in regret, the Lady in Red character re-lives memories of what life used to be when he had money. From trips to Europe, having the best car, friends, and house, but all these seem to have faded and reduced him to a street beggar. The character portrays life on the fast lane and life on the street. The astounding factor in this story is that life is unpredictable, as the character puts it, â€Å"today, you could own the best car, and tomorrow you could be begging on the streets† (LeMieu45). He used to have many friends who would join in the thanksgiving celebration and drink the finest wine. Additionally, loving family members would show up on different occasions and have a good laugh. However, life turned against the professional sports writer, and salesman who had excellent skills in business. All that he was left with was his old car, and his dog, Willow, who never left his side. From begging on the streets and being chased from stores he used t o shop, the character seems to have lost hope and the zeal to live again. However, he finds closure when he packs his car in the usual sanctuary where many homeless people stay. This gives him the motivation that he is not the only one in the universe going through pain and suffering. Similarly, the Hawk character goes through the same tribulations despite having a prosperous past. The Hawk character sleeps in a tent inside a community football pitch. He used to be a reputed football player back in the day, and received recognition from community members. However, after going into business, things failed to work in his favor, and he ended up homeless. Luckily, people of the community were compassionate and let him stay in the field as long as he would not interfere with the daily activities taking place. He once had a caring heart, but all

Economy of Switzerland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economy of Switzerland - Essay Example The country's political environment too is characterized by a high degree of decentralization with adequate amount of autonomy and authority delegated to the 26 cantons (Datamonitor, 2007). Macroeconomic indicators happen to be good measure of the economic development of a country as these measures keep track of the life-style of the citizens and the problems faced by them while trying to arrange for the living. Sound macroeconomic indicators help in strengthening the base for a lasting growth of a nation. Some of the macroeconomic indicators over the last couple of years can be summarized for the country as follows; Gross Domestic Product (GDP) happens to be the key driver of macroeconomic conditions in a country. It is calculated as1 'the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year, equal to total consumer, investment and government spending, plus the value of exports, minus the value of imports'. Switzerland has seen consistent growth in its GDP over the years, but it appears that is not good enough for it to maintain its leading position amongst similarly placed nations. OECD (2007) in its survey, while lauding the high levels of GDP per capita for Switzerland, also expresses concern over the continuous erosion of Switzerland's relative position over the past decade. The report points out that while proper utilization of labor remains high, the productivity levels has dropped down in comparison to other developed economies like Germany, France, Denmark etc. The growth in real GDP for Switzerland over the period of 2001-2006 is as indicated in tabl e-1 Table 1: Switzerland real GDP (Swiss francs billion), 2001-2006 Table-2: GDP per capita growth in Switzerland compared to major Eurozone countries, 2001-2006 and forecast 2007-11 Year GDP (Swiss francs billion) Growth (%) Country CAGR 2001-2006 CAGR 2007-2011 2001 423 1.1 Germany 0.9 1.0 2002 425 0.4 France 1.4 1.5 2003 424 -0.2 Italy 0.6 0.9 2004 434 2.4 Spain 2.9 4.1 2005 444 2.2 Switzerland 1.0 1.4 2006 457 3.0 Source: Datamonitor, U.S Census Bureau International Database, National Statistical Organization- Switzerland CAGR 1.55% Source: Datamonitor, National Statistical Organization- Switzerland Even during the first two quarters of 2007 the GDP growth remained quite encouraging reaching 0.7% in each period, quarter on quarter (OECD, 2007). What is driving the growth is the acceleration in private consumption with an increase in the availability of more job opportunities and labour incomes. In fact in today's market driven economy what makes a big difference in the economic growth is the purchasing power of the workforce which sets a chain reaction in the form of more purchases, more production, and more contribution to the government in the form of taxes, more investments by the industry and expansion of the overall industrial outlook of the nation. Therefore, Switzerland seems to be preparing adequate ground for inviting more investments which obviously helps the government in shelling out more funds for infrastructure and social welfare sectors. For the year 2007 the GDP growth has been estimated around 2.5%, somewhat lower as compared to the 2006 figures but, in view of the global slowdown in economies this percentage appears good enough. The improvement in economic indicators is also on account of

Uses and abuse of drugs Essay Example for Free

Uses and abuse of drugs Essay Many people do not understand why or how other people become addicted to drugs. Substance abuse is a growing problem that not only affects the person who is abusing alcohol or drugs but also affects the lives of those who are close to the abuser. Substance abuse is the abuse of any substance. A drug is a substance that modifies one or more of the body functions when it is consumed. It is often mistakenly assumed that drug abusers lack moral principles or willpower and that they could stop using drugs simply by choosing to change their behavior. In reality, drug addiction is a disease and quitting takes a lot more than Just changing your behavior. Drug Abuse is generally defined as the use of a drug with such frequency that the user has a physical or mental harm or it impairs social abilities. The substances that are discussed in this report are called psychoactive drugs; those drugs that Influence or alter the workings of the mind, affect moods, emotions, feelings, and thinking processes. Substances drugs affect the brain, heart, liver, lungs and also the people around you. When drugs get into the bloodstream they are carried to all parts of the body and some reach the brain. In fact, drugs change the brain in ways that foster compulsive drug abuse, quitting is more difficult than it appears. The quicker the drug reaches the brain, the more intense the effects. The quickest way to get a drug into the brain, and also the most dangerous way of using any drug is to injecting into the vein. Injecting into the vein Is almost as quick as smoking a drug, followed by sniffing or snorting and then by mouth. Eating or drinking a drug Is the slowest route, because the drug has to pass through the stomach first. Drugs are generally categorized into two groups, stimulants and depressants. Stimulants are drugs that peed up signals through the nervous system. They produce alertness, arousal and excitability. They also Inhibit fatigue and sleep. Everything from over-the-counter pain medication, prescriptions drugs such as,, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and even coffee can abused In one way or another. The two man substances being abused In our nation are nicotine and alcohol. How does nicotine addiction work? Basically, when you smoke your first cigarettes, when you arent addicted yet, you get a head-rush which Is caused by the nicotine. In your brain there are nicotine receptors which arent used to the nicotine In a cigarette. Over time, the nicotine receptors get used to the amount of nicotine so they can cope with the nicotine. So when this nicotine stops being given to the receptors (when you give up smoking) they panic and cause you to feel unhappy and angry. When you smoke, the nicotine receptors send out messages to other parts of the brain which release a drug called dopamine which makes you feel happy, satisfied, relaxed. When you try to quit, or when you fancy a cigarette your dopamine levels are going down and you start to feel unhappy, aggressive, unsatisfied. Most smokers dont know that they are addicted to nicotine until they try to stop smoking completely they Just think that they Like smoking. The answer to your question Is that you will have a moderate nicotine addiction, and quitting wont be that hard. The signs of a severe nicotine addiction are needing to smoke a cigarette every 2 hours, having one as soon as you wake In night). Nicotine increases the levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, activating the pleasure pathways in the same way other addictive drugs do. After the effects (calmness, sense of well-being) disappear, the smoker craves more. Why is alcohol addictive? Basically because alcohol, like nicotine and heroin and other substances stimulates the reward response in your brain. You have a drink, the brain rewards itself with a surge of chemicals and hormones that it really likes, and therefore the more you stimulate it, the more it wants. Some people are more susceptible than others in that their reward responses are stronger which is why some people will get addicted to things more easily than other people will. If you add to that a troubled background of some sort, then when the brain offers its reward response though making that person feels calmer and happier or more in control, hey are more likely than someone who is pretty happy. Alcohol is made of ethanol, it is a depressant, your body becomes addictive to the depressant effects and you eventually need it to stop the shakes (delirium tremors) and the withdrawals of the depressant effects on the brain and body. For example, caffeine is a stimulant, and people become addicted to that and when having caffeine withdrawals one has headaches and other neurological effects. However, alcohol is a lot more dangerous because if you are a hardcore not only can you die from drinking, if you stop cold turkey you can have convulsions and die from withdrawals. The addictive substance is ethanol. When you are pregnant, it is important that you watch what you put into your body. Consumption of illegal drugs is not safe for the unborn baby or for the mother. Studies have shown that consumption of illegal drugs during pregnancy can result in miscarriage, low birth weight, premature labor, placental abruptest, fetal death, and even maternal death. If its suspected that woman whose pregnant is using drugs they will test the baby to see if its born addicted, yes it is possible to see if the baby is addicted even before he/she is born.

BURNING SPEAR: AFRICAN TEACHER :: Essays Papers

BURNING SPEAR: AFRICAN TEACHER Burning Spear has in the past 25+ years achieved many acclaims as a reggae musician. He is known to many as the African teacher; the elder statesman of reggae; a cultural ambassador; a preacher; a rastaman. The main themes incorporated into his music are the teachings of Marcus Garvey, African roots, Rastafarian beliefs, and consciousness, especially black consciousness. Spear's sound is said to be hypnotic and trance-like (Bloodlines, Davis and Simon, 1992, 53-55). His lyrics are simple, but the resonant sound of Spear's voice, along with the drum and bass, intensifies the listening experience to its fullest. His music is meant to be heard in every part of your body; to carry the listener to a higher state of being; to uplift. In Newsday, Elena Oumano wrote:"At its heights, reggae music transforms the loss rage and love of 2 million former slaves/colonials into"dread"consciousness, and international revolution of the mind against blind acceptance of the world as it is, rocking affir mation of the power of the underclass to elevate the human spirit,"(Oumano, 1991, p 17). Spear's reggae has, since the beginning, continued to reach this height. Winston Rodney, Burning Spear's Christian name, was born on March 1, 1945. He was born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica (Messer, 1995, 1). Burning Spear was quoted to have said this about his background;"I'm not a man with a musical background. I was a flexible man who was there until Jah call I,"(qtd. in Messer, 1995, 2). He takes his name from the Kenya freedom fighter, Jomo Kenyatta, who was also called Burning Spear (Bloodlines, Davis and Simon, 1992, 54). Spear's musical career began in 1969 when he ran into Bob Marley deep in the outdoors of St. Ann's. It could be said that Marley and Spear were led to each other on that day in January. Marley was traveling to his farm via a donkey. Spear was headed the opposite direction. When their paths crossed, Bob brought his donkey to a halt and climbed down. The two began talking, and Bob rolled a spliff. They sat in the grass, smoking, talking of Rastafari, African roots, and reggae music. Burning Spear mentioned that he was interested in getting involved in the music business. Marley told Spear to go to Studio One, which was the label Marley had been working with and which Coxsone Dodd owned. Marley told Spear to tell the producers that he had sent him.

Presocratic Philosophy Essay

Although Aristotle’s statement is too slight to serve as a sure foundation for judgment, it seems more likely that Thales was arguing for the broader presence of life forces in the world than most people imagined, rather than that the real in its totality is alive. Anaximander Thales’ younger contemporary from Miletus, Anaximander, born toward the end of the seventh century B. C. E. , found the explanatory principle of things in what he called ‘‘the apeiron,’’ a word that might be translated as ‘‘the indefinite,’’ ‘‘the boundless,’’ or both. This opens up the possibility that the apeiron is both immeasurably large in its temporal and physical extent and also qualitatively indefinite in that it is without measurable inner boundaries. The apeiron is further described, according to Aristotle, as being ‘‘without beginning,’’ ‘‘surrounding all things,’’ ‘‘steering all things,’’ ‘‘divine,’’ ‘‘immortal,’’ and ‘‘indestructible. ’’Some have inferred that Anaximander’s barely concealed purpose was Western philosophy’s first attempt at demythologization. Equally striking is Anaximander’s description of the universe as a closed, concentric system, the outer spheres of which, by their everlasting motion, account for the stability of our earth, a drum-shaped body held everlastingly in a state of equipoise at the center. Whatever the inadequacy in certain details (the stars are placed nearer to the earth than the moon), with Anaximander the science of cosmological speculation took a giant step forward. As far as life on earth is concerned, Anaximander offered another striking hypothesis. The first living things, according to him, were ‘‘born in moisture, enclosed in thorny barks’’ (like sea urchins), and ‘‘as their age increased, they came forth onto the drier part’’ (as phrased by Aetius [first to second century C. E. ]). Pythagoras Although we know that Pythagoras was a historical figure, it is difficult to determine exactly what Pythagoras himself taught. He wrote nothing, and the ideas of other members of the community were attributed to him as a sign of respect and as a way of lending weight to the ideas. Plato and Aristotle rarely assign ideas to Pythagoras himself, although Pythagorean ideas seem to have influenced Plato’s philosophy. Pythagoreans asserted that number is the first principle of all things. They were the first systematic developers of mathematics in the West and discovered that natural events could be described in mathematical terms, especially as ratios. To the Pythagoreans, the â€Å"principle of number† accounted for everything. Number was a real thing. Somehow, numbers existed in space, not just as mental constructs. According to Pythagorean doctrine, the entire universe is an ordered whole consisting of harmonies of contrasting elements. The Greek for â€Å"ordered whole† is cosmos. The Pythagoreans were the first philosophers to use the term cosmos to refer to the universe in this way. The â€Å"celestial music of the spheres† is the hauntingly beautiful phrase the Pythagoreans coined to describe the sound of the heavens as they rotate according to cosmic number and harmony. Xenophanes A fourth Ionian philosopher, Xenophanes of Colophon, born around 580 B. C. E. , s the first we know of to overtly attack the anthropomorphism of popular religious belief, in a series of brilliant reductio ad absurdum arguments. His own view has been understood, ever since Aristotle, as pantheistic. Xenophanes was also the first philosopher we know of to ask what degree of knowledge is attainable. In B34 we read: ‘‘the clear and certain truth no man has seen, nor will there be anyone who knows about the gods and what I say about all things. ’’ Several ancient critics took this to be an indication of Xenophanes’ total scepticism. On this basis of moderate empiricism and scepticism, Xenophanes offered a number of opinions of varying plausibility about the natural world, one of which—a strong, evolutionary interpretation of the discovery on various islands of fossils of marine animals—is enough to constitute a major claim to fame in natural philosophy and ranks with his other significant steps in epistemology (the theory of knowledge dealing with what we know, how we know it, and how reliable our knowledge is), logic (the study of rational inquiry and argumentation), and natural theology (the attempt to understand God from natural knowledge). Heraclitus One of the most important and enigmatic of the Presocratics, Heraclitus (fl . 500 b. c. e. , d. 510–480 b. c. e. ), said that ignorance is bound to result when we try to understand the cosmos when we do not even comprehend the basic structure of the human psyche (soul) and its relationship to the Logos. The complex Greek word logos is intriguing. It could and at times did mean all of the following: â€Å"intelligence,† â€Å"speech,† â€Å"discourse,† â€Å"thought,† â€Å"reason,† â€Å"word,† â€Å"meaning,† â€Å"study of,† â€Å"the record of,† â€Å"the science of,† â€Å"the fundamental principles of,† â€Å"the basic principles and procedures of a particular discipline,† â€Å"those features of a thing that make it intelligible to us,† and â€Å"the rationale for a thing. † The Heraclitean capital L Logos is like God, only without the anthropomorphizing (humanizing) of the earlier philosophers and poets who attributed human qualities to the gods. According to Heraclitus’s impersonal view of God, the Logos is a process, not an entity. As such, the Logos is unconcerned with individuals and human affairs, in much the same way that gravity affects us but is unconcerned with us. More radically yet, Heraclitus asserted that even though things appear to remain the same, â€Å"Change alone is unchanging. † Traditionally, it has been held that Heraclitus went so far as to claim that everything is always changing all the time. But whether he really meant that everything is always changing, or that individual things are held together by energy (change), remains unclear. Anaximenes Anaximander’s younger contemporary, Anaximenes, who lived during the sixth century B. C. E. appears to revert to a prior and less sophisticated vision in claiming that the earth, far from being a drum-shaped body held in equipoise at the center, is flat and ‘‘rides on,’’ supported by air. The same might be said of his contention that the basic, ‘‘divine’’ principle of things was not some indefinite entity but something very much part of our experience; namely, air. Anaximenes’ view would also no doubt have seemed to be corroborated by the fact that the universe, commonly understood as a living thing and hence needing a soul to vivify it, possessed in air that very ‘‘breath’’ that for most Greeks constituted the essence of such a soul. Parmenides Parmenides of Elea (fift h century b. c. e. ) radically transformed the early philosophers’ interest in cosmology, the study of the universe as a rationally ordered system (cosmos), into ontology, the study of being. By common agreement he was the giant among the pre-Socratics. According to Parmenides, none of his predecessors adequately accounted for the process by which the one basic stuff of the cosmos changes into the many individual things we experience every day. In his search for a solution to the problem of â€Å"the one and the many,† Parmenides turned to a reasoned analysis of the process of change itself. According to Parmenides, all sensations occur in the realm of appearance. This means that reality cannot be apprehended by the senses. Change and variety (the many) are only appearances; they are not real. If this is true, then our most commonly held beliefs about reality are mere opinions. The senses cannot recognize â€Å"what is,† much less can they discover—observe—it, ever. In other words, whatever we see, touch, taste, hear, or smell is not real, does not exist. Perhaps most unsettling of all, Parmenides â€Å"solved† the problem of the appearance of change by concluding—in direct opposition to Heraclitus’s insistence that everything is always changing—that the very concept of change is self-contradictory. What we think of as change is merely an illusion. The logic runs as follows: â€Å"Change† equals transformation into something else. When a thing becomes â€Å"something else,† it becomes what it is not. But since it is impossible for â€Å"nothing† (what is not) to exist, there is no â€Å"nothing† into which the old thing can disappear. (There is no â€Å"no place† for the thing to go into. ) Therefore, change cannot occur. Empedocles posited, against Parmenides, change and plurality as features of reality, but affirmed the eternality of anything that is real; the sphere-like nature of the real when looked at as a totality and the fact that the real is a plenum, containing no ‘‘nothingness’’ or ‘‘emptiness’’. Anaxagoras likewise posited change, plurality, and divisibility as features of reality, yet also affirmed the eternality of the real (understood by him as an eternally existent ‘‘mixture’’ of the ‘‘seeds’’ of the things currently constituting the world, rather than the eternal combinings and recombinings, according to certain ratios of admixture, of four eternally existent ‘‘roots’’ or elemental masses). Leucippus Leucippus of Miletus (c. fi ft h century b. c. e. ) and Democritus of Abdera (c. 460–370 b. . e. ) argued that reality consists entirely of empty space and ultimately simple entities that combine to form objects. T is materialistic view is known as atomism. Leucippus is credited with being the originator of atomism and Democritus with developing it. Rather than reject Parmenides’ assertion that change is an illusion, Leucippus argued that reality consists of many discrete â€Å"ones ,† or beings. Zeno Zeno, who was born early in the fifth century B. C. E. , was a friend and pupil of Parmenides. In his famous paradoxes he attempted to show by a series of reductio ad absurdum arguments, of which the best known is perhaps that of Achilles and the tortoise, the self-contradictory consequences of maintaining that there is a real plurality of things or that motion or place are real. The prima facie brilliance of many of the arguments continues to impress people, though it soon becomes clear that the paradoxes turn largely on the failure or unwillingness of Zeno, like so many Pythagoreans of the day, to distinguish between the concepts of physical and geometrical space. Zeno’s way of constructing the problem makes it seem that his primary object is to defame pluralists by attacking the logical possibility of explaining how there can be motion in the world. Gorgias Gorgias has achieved fame for the stress he laid upon the art of persuasion (‘‘rhetoric’’), although whether he wrote the baffling On What Is Not as a serious piece of persuasive reasoning or as some sort of spoof of the Eleatic philosophy of Parmenides and others remains disputed. Its basic, and remarkable, claim is prima facie, that nothing in fact is (exists /is the case [esti] or is knowable or conceivable. Any exiguous plausibility that the arguments supporting this claim possess turns on our overlooking Gorgias’s failure, witting or unwitting, to distinguish carefully between knowing and thinking, along with his various uses of the verb ‘‘to be. ’’ If the failure was witting, the document can be seen as a skillful device for the spotting of fallacies as part of training in rhetoric and basic reasoning. If it was unwitting, Gorgias still emerges as what he was claimed to be—a deft rhetorical wordsmith on any topic proposed to him. Protagoras Perhaps the greatest of the Sophists was Protagoras of Abdera (481– 411 b. c. e. ). Protagoras was an archetypal Sophist: an active traveler and first-rate observer of other cultures who noted that although there are a variety of customs and beliefs, each culture believes unquestioningly that its own ways are right—and roundly condemns (or at least criticizes) views that differ from its own. Based on his observations and travels, Protagoras concluded that morals are nothing more than the social traditions, or mores, of a society or group. The details of Protagoras’s beliefs remain disputed. When he said, for example, that ‘‘anthropos [humanity] is a/the measure for all things, of things that are, that they are, and of things that are not, that they are not,’’ it is unclear whether he is talking about one person or the sum total of persons; about ‘‘a’’ measure or ‘‘the’’ measure (there is no definite article in Greek); or about existence or states of affairs or both. The Platonic reading in the Theaetetus, which takes ‘‘anthropos’’ as generic and ‘‘measure’’ as exclusive, led to the assertion that the logical consequence was total (and absurd) relativism. ______________________________ References: The Columbia History of Western Philosophy. Richard H. Popkin. Columbia University Press. 1999. Archetypes of Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy. 7th ed. Douglas J. Soccio. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 2010.

Chewing Gum

Assalamualaikum and a very good morning to my fellow friends and Madam Nurma. Before I begin my speech, I would like to ask my lovely audience in front of me, have you ever found yourself in a situation where your hair is stuck with bubble gum and you accidentally step on a chewing gum? These situations can be really annoying right? So I decided to study a little about this little critter that everyone thought as a nuisance. Chewing gum was invented in the late 1800’s and we have the Alamo to thank. That’s right. .. Remember the Alamo?After General Lopez de Santa Anna lost the Alamo to the Americans, he figured that he could sell the Americans enough Chicle to raise an army to take back his power in Mexico. Santa Anna teamed up with an American inventor Thomas Adams who tried unsuccessfully to turn chicle into a new rubber for tires. Adams later figured out that with added flavour, chicle was an enjoyable substance to chew and could be sold for little money but big prof it to children. He opened the first gum factory in 1871. And by the 1880’s, the entire United States was stuck on chewing gum.Two other Americans are responsible for the popularity of chewing gum around the world. The first is another inventor, Walter Dimer. According to the book Pop, it is Dimer who dreamed of blowing bubbles with chewing gum. He invented a gum that had the texture that makes blowing bubbles possible. In 1928, the invention of bubble gum catapulted the popularity of chewing gum. The other American responsible for solidifying the popularity of chewing gum is Wrigley, who used advertisement to popularize gum.However, during WWII, the Wrigley Company heard that soldiers used their gum to overcome dry mouths on the battlefield. Wrigley pulled all of its gum off the shelves and donated them to the war effort. Americans returned victorious and after the war it was an everyday event to chew gum. Now that the history is unwrapped, we should chew on the importance of gum. According to the American Dental Association, chewing gum produces more saliva which helps to neutralize acids in your stomach as foods break down and can actually help prevent the breaking down of tooth enamel.As you chew your gum, more saliva enters your mouth and the more likely you are to wash away the bacteria that aids in tooth decay. Chewing sugarless gum for just twenty minutes after eating can help prevent tooth decay and can save the enamel on your teeth. Although this is no substitute to brushing and flossing, studies still prove that chewing sugar less gum can greatly help prevent cavities. In addition to giving you a healthier smile, another reason your teachers should let you chew gum in school is because it boosts skills.According to the Los Angeles Times from April 2009, chewing gum has been proven to boost academic performance. In one study, researchers asked one group of teenaged students to chew sugar-free gum while participating in math class. They had a co ntrol group not chew gum during the same class. They found that those who chewed gum on average showed a three percent better increase on a standardized math. The study claims that chewing gum helped the subjects concentrate and stay focused.. And when gum isn’t helping you concentrate on school work, it can help you relieve the pain in your ear on plane rides.According to research done by CNN, the stress exerted on your eardrum when a plane is either climbing or descending, can be improved by chewing gum which corrects the difference in air pressure and eases the pain. Again, chewing causes your mouth to produce extra saliva, and that saliva needs to be swallowed. It is the swallowing that helps equalize the pressure in your ears. Not only does chewing gum produce more saliva, but it can trick your stomach into thinking you are eating. According to the August 26, 2008 New York Times, doctors are prescribing chewing gum after abdominal surgery.After stomach surgery, eating fo od can cause nausea and vomiting. In order for your stomach to heal, it needs hormones that are released when you eat. The answer to this dilemma: chewing gum. Patients chew gum, which stimulates the gut and produces gastrointestinal hormones. Gum tricks your stomach into thinking you are eating without having to eat. As we can see, gum has been with us for a long time and will continue to evolve to stay relevant in our lives. Today, we unwrapped the history of gum and we chewed on its benefits. Chewing gum is actually a fun thing to do. Assalamualaikum and thank you for your kind attention. . Chewing Gum Assalamualaikum and a very good morning to my fellow friends and Madam Nurma. Before I begin my speech, I would like to ask my lovely audience in front of me, have you ever found yourself in a situation where your hair is stuck with bubble gum and you accidentally step on a chewing gum? These situations can be really annoying right? So I decided to study a little about this little critter that everyone thought as a nuisance. Chewing gum was invented in the late 1800’s and we have the Alamo to thank. That’s right. .. Remember the Alamo?After General Lopez de Santa Anna lost the Alamo to the Americans, he figured that he could sell the Americans enough Chicle to raise an army to take back his power in Mexico. Santa Anna teamed up with an American inventor Thomas Adams who tried unsuccessfully to turn chicle into a new rubber for tires. Adams later figured out that with added flavour, chicle was an enjoyable substance to chew and could be sold for little money but big prof it to children. He opened the first gum factory in 1871. And by the 1880’s, the entire United States was stuck on chewing gum.Two other Americans are responsible for the popularity of chewing gum around the world. The first is another inventor, Walter Dimer. According to the book Pop, it is Dimer who dreamed of blowing bubbles with chewing gum. He invented a gum that had the texture that makes blowing bubbles possible. In 1928, the invention of bubble gum catapulted the popularity of chewing gum. The other American responsible for solidifying the popularity of chewing gum is Wrigley, who used advertisement to popularize gum.However, during WWII, the Wrigley Company heard that soldiers used their gum to overcome dry mouths on the battlefield. Wrigley pulled all of its gum off the shelves and donated them to the war effort. Americans returned victorious and after the war it was an everyday event to chew gum. Now that the history is unwrapped, we should chew on the importance of gum. According to the American Dental Association, chewing gum produces more saliva which helps to neutralize acids in your stomach as foods break down and can actually help prevent the breaking down of tooth enamel.As you chew your gum, more saliva enters your mouth and the more likely you are to wash away the bacteria that aids in tooth decay. Chewing sugarless gum for just twenty minutes after eating can help prevent tooth decay and can save the enamel on your teeth. Although this is no substitute to brushing and flossing, studies still prove that chewing sugar less gum can greatly help prevent cavities. In addition to giving you a healthier smile, another reason your teachers should let you chew gum in school is because it boosts skills.According to the Los Angeles Times from April 2009, chewing gum has been proven to boost academic performance. In one study, researchers asked one group of teenaged students to chew sugar-free gum while participating in math class. They had a co ntrol group not chew gum during the same class. They found that those who chewed gum on average showed a three percent better increase on a standardized math. The study claims that chewing gum helped the subjects concentrate and stay focused.. And when gum isn’t helping you concentrate on school work, it can help you relieve the pain in your ear on plane rides.According to research done by CNN, the stress exerted on your eardrum when a plane is either climbing or descending, can be improved by chewing gum which corrects the difference in air pressure and eases the pain. Again, chewing causes your mouth to produce extra saliva, and that saliva needs to be swallowed. It is the swallowing that helps equalize the pressure in your ears. Not only does chewing gum produce more saliva, but it can trick your stomach into thinking you are eating. According to the August 26, 2008 New York Times, doctors are prescribing chewing gum after abdominal surgery.After stomach surgery, eating fo od can cause nausea and vomiting. In order for your stomach to heal, it needs hormones that are released when you eat. The answer to this dilemma: chewing gum. Patients chew gum, which stimulates the gut and produces gastrointestinal hormones. Gum tricks your stomach into thinking you are eating without having to eat. As we can see, gum has been with us for a long time and will continue to evolve to stay relevant in our lives. Today, we unwrapped the history of gum and we chewed on its benefits. Chewing gum is actually a fun thing to do. Assalamualaikum and thank you for your kind attention. .

Born to Be Wild essays

Born to Be Wild essays Good dancers are not born but are made. Some people might think dancing is easy and others difficult which may depend on their experiences as well as seriousness in their dancing. In the video Born to Be Wild, four best dancers in the world though are uniquely different but are portrayed to share one thing in common thats to dance like there is no tomorrow. In order to master any skills we need practice and to be the best in the world of dance requires more practice, talent, hard work, sacrifices, and passions for dancing than anyone else. The adjective best means superior and can only be used to describe one person. Being the best dancers in your country as well as the world means you are always competing with everyone else in this world by going more beyond than other goes. Maintaining the reputation is a never ending process of learning, perfecting, and doing more than what other would be willing to. Being always one step ahead of other requires tremendous amount of time and energy thats by putting dance first in your life. This may take years or a lifetime of practicing while others get to do something new and different. Dance like in all others areas of career is always looking for a change and a challenge to the extent of human beings which makes natural talent an ever more advantage. A boy that can learn how to spot faster wou ld mostly likely be able to succeed more than another boy because he would learn things faster and have more confidant to persevere when things get tough. All the time commitment can be considered sacrifices as well as undying love for dance. Most of all it takes determination as well as desperateness to constantly be in the mood of competitiveness and perfection, which makes being the best not a simple task. Someone having a passion for anything may be called a maniac, fanatic, or a lunatic by others who do not share the same dream as the person. Most people consider bal...

Selected Poem Verses From William Butler Yeats

Selected Poem Verses From William Butler Yeats Here are the poem lyrics of some of the best William Butler Yeats poetry. To make your browsing more effective, we have included a bit of each poem after the title. A Poet to His BelovedWilliam Butler YeatsI bring you with reverent handsThe books of my numberless dreams,White woman that passion has wornAs the tide wears the dove-grey sands, A Prayer for My DaughterWilliam Butler YeatsOnce more the storm is howling, and half hidUnder this cradle-hood and coverlidMy child sleeps on. There is no obstacleBut Gregorys wood and one bare hill A Prayer for My SonWilliam Butler YeatsBid a strong ghost stand at the headThat my Michael may sleep sound,Nor cry, nor turn in the bedTill his morning meal come round; A Prayer on Going Into My HouseWilliam Butler YeatsGod grant a blessing on this tower and cottageAnd on my heirs, if all remain unspoiled,No table or chair or stool not simple enoughFor shepherd lads in Galilee; and grant Adams CurseWilliam Butler YeatsGod grant a blessing on this tower and cottageAnd on my heirs, if all remain unspoiled,No table or chair or stool not simple enoughFor shepherd lads in Galilee; and grant Aedh Wishes for the Clothes of HeavenWilliam Butler YeatsHad I the heavens embroidered cloths,Enwrought with golden and silver light,The blue and the dim and the dark clothsOf night and light and the half light, Among School ChildrenWilliam Butler YeatsI walk through the long schoolroom questioning;A kind old nun in a white hood replies;The children learn to cipher and to sing,To study reading-books and histories, An Irish Airman Forsees His DeathWilliam Butler YeatsI know that I shall meet my fateSomewhere among the clouds above;Those that I fight I do not hate,Those that I guard I do not love; Are You Content?William Butler YeatsI call on those that call me son,Grandson, or great-grandson,On uncles, aunts, great-uncles or great-aunts,To judge what I have done. Before the World Was MadeWilliam Butler YeatsIf I make the lashes darkAnd the eyes more brightAnd the lips more scarlet,Or ask if all be right Beggar to Beggar CriedWilliam Butler YeatsTime to put off the world and go somewhereAnd find my health again in the sea air,Beggar to beggar cried, being frenzy-struck,And make my soul before my pate is bare.- ByzantiumWilliam Butler YeatsThe unpurged images of day recede;The Emperors drunken soldiery are abed;Night resonance recedes, night walkers songAfter great cathedral gong; Crazy Jane on GodWilliam Butler YeatsThat lover of a nightCame when he would,Went in the dawning lightWhether I would or no; DeathWilliam Butler YeatsNor dread nor hope attendA dying animal;A man awaits his endDreading and hoping all; Demon and BeastWilliam Butler YeatsFor certain minutes at the leastThat crafty demon and that loud beastThat plague me day and nightRan out of my sight;Easter, 1916William Butler YeatsI have met them at close of dayComing with vivid facesFrom counter or desk among greyEighteenth-century houses.EphemeraWilliam Butler YeatsYour eyes that once were never weary of mineAre bowed in sotrow under pendulous lids,Because our love is waning.And then She:Fallen MajestyWilliam Butler YeatsAlthough crowds gathered once if she but showed her face,And even old mens eyes grew dim, this hand alone,Like some last courtier at a gypsy camping-placeBabbling of fallen majesty, records whats gone.He Bids His Beloved Be at PeaceWilliam Butler YeatsI hear the Shadowy Horses, their long manes a-shake,Their hoofs heavy with tumult, their eyes glimmeringwhite; The North unfolds above them clinging, creepingnight, The East her hidden joy before the morning break,He Remembers Forgotten BeautyWilliam Butler YeatsW hen my arms wrap you round I pressMy heart upon the lovelinessThat has long faded from the world;The jewelled crowns that kings have hurledHe Thinks of Those Who Have Spoken Evil of His BelovedWilliam Butler YeatsHalf close your eyelids, loosen your hair,And dream about the great and their pride;They have spoken against you everywhere,But weigh this song with the great and their pride;Imitated From the JapaneseWilliam Butler YeatsA most astonishing thing Seventy years have I lived;(Hurrah for the flowers of Spring,For Spring is here again.)Lapis LazuliWilliam Butler YeatsI have heard that hysterical women sayThey are sick of the palette and fiddle-bow. Of poets that are always gay,For everybody knows or else should knowLeda and the SwanWilliam Butler YeatsA sudden blow: the great wings beating stillAbove the staggering girl, her thighs caressedBy the dark webs, her nape caught in his bill,He holds her helpless breast upon his breast.Long-Legged FlyWilliam Butler YeatsThat civilisation may not sink,Its great battle lost,Quiet the dog, tether the ponyTo a distant post;Mohini ChatterjeeWilliam Butler YeatsI asked if I should pray.But the Brahmin said,pray for nothing, sayEvery night in bed,Never Give All the HeartWilliam Butler YeatsNever give all the heart, for loveWill hardly seem worth thinking ofTo passionate women if it seemCertain, and they never dreamNo Second TroyWilliam Butler YeatsWhy should I blame her that she filled my daysWith misery, or that she would of lateHave taught to ignorant men most violent ways,Or hurled the little streets upon the great.ResponsibilitiesWilliam Butler YeatsPardon, old fathers, if you still rem ainSomewhere in ear-shot for the storys end,Old Dublin merchant free of the ten and fourOr trading out of Galway into Spain;Sailing to ByzantiumWilliam Butler YeatsThat is no country for old men. The youngIn one anothers arms, birds in the treesThose dying generationsat their song,The salmon-falls, the mackerel-crowded seas, Solomon and the WitchWilliam Butler YeatsAnd thus declared that Arab lady:Last night, where under the wild moonOn grassy mattress I had laid me,Within my arms great Solomon, Solomon to ShebaWilliam Butler YeatsSang Solomon to Sheba,And kissed her dusky face,All day long from mid-dayWe have talked in the one place, Spilt MilkWilliam Butler YeatsWe that have done and thought,That have thought and done, The Fascination of Whats DifficultWilliam Butler YeatsThe fascination of whats difficultHas dried the sap out of my veins, and rentSpontaneous joy and natural contentOut of my heart. Theres something ails our colt The Folly of Being ComfortedWilliam Butler YeatsOne that is ever kind said yesterday:Your well-beloveds hair has threads of grey,And little shadows come about her eyes;Time can but make it easier to be wise The GyresWilliam Butler YeatsThe gyres! the gyres! Old Rocky Face, look forth;Things thought too long can be no longer thought,For beauty dies of beauty, worth of worth,And ancient lineaments are blotted out. The Heart of the WomanWilliam Butler YeatsO what to me the little roomThat was brimmed up with prayer and rest;He bade me out into the gloom,And my breast lies upon his breast. The Indian to His LoveWilliam Butler YeatsThe island dreams under the dawnAnd great boughs drop tranquillity;The peahens dance on a smooth lawn,A parrot sways upon a tree, The Indian Upon GodWilliam Butler YeatsI passed along the waters edge below the humid trees,My spirit rocked in evening light, the rushes round my knees,My spirit rocked in sleep and sighs; and saw the moor-fowl paceAll dripping on a grassy slope, and saw them cease to chase The Lake Isle of InnisfreeWilliam Butler YeatsI will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,And live alone in the bee-loud glade. The Lover Asks Forgiveness Because of His Many MoodsWilliam Butler YeatsIf this importunate heart trouble your peaceWith words lighter than air,Or hopes that in mere hoping flicker and cease;Crumple the rose in your hair; The Second ComingWilliam Butler YeatsTurning and turning in the widening gyreThe falcon cannot hear the falconer;Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold;Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The Stolen ChildWilliam Butler YeatsWhere dips the rocky highlandOf Sleuth Wood in the lake,There lies a leafy islandWhere flapping herons wake The Two TreesWilliam Butler YeatsBeloved, gaze in thine own heart,The holy tree is growing there;From joy the holy branches start,And all the trembling flowers they bear. The Wild Swans at CooleWilliam Butler YeatsThe trees are in their autumn beauty,The woodland paths are dry,Under the October twilight the waterMirrors a still sky; To a Poet, Who Would Have Me Praise Certain Bad Poets, Imitators of His and MineWilliam Butler YeatsYou say, as I have often given tongueIn praise of what anothers said or sung, When You Are OldWilliam Butler YeatsWhen you are old and grey and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;

Compare and contrast the persecution of Jews with the persecution of Essay

Compare and contrast the persecution of Jews with the persecution of others in Nazi Germany on the grounds of racial hygiene - Essay Example The German scientists2 did legitimize this propaganda and in that regard, the Nazis went on to do away with all Jews that were residing in Europe in the infamous holocaust through brutal killings and mass murders.3 What began as an initial target of the Jews, soon spread to other people who were not of German descend and thus they also became serious victims of unprecedented persecution and mass murder around German strongholds in Europe and in concentration camps that were set up for that sole purpose of racial hygiene. It was actually a notion of cleansing Germany of the individuals that were seen as threats to the health of German society.4 This paper looks at this incidence of racial cleansing as the idea behind the massive persecutions that took place in that period of 1933 to 1939 and seeks to establish the persecution of Jews in comparison to that of the other non-German people by the Nazi government. For us to critically evaluate and answer this question, we need to analyse t he idea of racial hygiene, before embarking on looking at the impact that these actions had on both the two groups, Jews and others5; look at how the persecution was carried out; and the after effects of the persecution. The above issues will be well analysed and discussed before a conclusion is made. Nazi’s Idea of Racial Hygiene The racial hygiene was crafted by Hitler while he was in prison at Landsberg. In his imagination, he thought that for Germany to become stronger again there was need to cleanse it and get rid of inferior races through racial hygiene and eugenics. To him the nation was weaker and very corrupted by the infusion of some degenerate elements into the bloodstream of this nation. Neutralization of the weaker race became his decision. In 1920s growth of population was equated to having racial fitness and the idea of national strength. Racial hygiene was proposed as the only way to avert the problems. The doctors did play an important role in propagating Naz i policy because of the realignment of the medical profession with the Nazi after it took over power. Genetic health courts were also created and major Acts on racial legislation were passed in Germany starting from 1933 onwards geared towards elimination of the weak, while at the same time increase the birth rate by secluding women to homes and family where they were to bear many children, and strengthen the Aryan race. The persecution The persecution of Jews and other communities was based on the assumptions that Nazis could attain a pure race by having a cohesive national community, which did not have less valuable races or those from foreign regions. Persecution initially took the general discrimination of the races that were found not to be German through the scientific labelling process that considered family genealogies, observations, physical measurements, and the application of intelligence tests. As a result, all people were ranked as either inferior (non-Germans) or super ior (German or Aryan race). Another form of persecution that was used was the subsequent sterilization of the inferior race so that they do not give birth to more inferior people so that costs such as those of education could be saved. At this point, we cannot

Global Geopolitics of the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Global Geopolitics of the Middle East - Essay Example Overall, the global economy continues to depend on the Middle East. This area also influenced America, as well as other world regions. On the other hand, the current international relations continue to be shaped by the factor of oil the Middle East. The key players in these relations, with regard to oil, are the US and UK. In the past, UK as an external player in the politics of the Middle East imposed its policies on the area, in relation to the state system formation in the past. Today, the aspect of diplomacy in the Middle East has been highly influenced by oil. Oil today has become a political tool, and not an objective. For instance, the USA put a ban on trade with Libya and Iran, while the UN banned Iraq. Unfortunately, these countries have hardened their access to oil in the region, because their priority is in politics. The current geopolitics in the Middle East has all along revolved around oil. More than half of the world’s energy supply comes from the Middle East, with the Persian Gulf holding vast oil wells. The reason behind the world bestowing much importance to the Middle East is the fact that, the global economy cannot survive without oil, which the Middle East produces in plenty. Different countries, especially the current and former super powers and imperialists such as the USA and UK, have developed great interest in the Middle East. The discovery of oil in the Middle East also enhanced its strategic positioning, as it lies in the center of three different continents. With this, it is in a position to control important links in the global system of transportation. The global significance of the Middle East emanates from the fact that the area is the world’s greatest producer of oil. Oil and other oil-related interests have in return influenced the political and social economy of the Middle East, both at the local and international level. Most people consider oil as a political product, since it is the main

Summarize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Summarize - Essay Example The recommendation on insight strategy and solution was to improve on this area by getting more information by reading business publications, look for external opportunities for discussing and sharing business strategies and work on other ways of expanding my understanding of business. The recommendation on leading HR insists on engaging the workers more and using both internal and external outputs to develop vision for the HR department that should act as the focus for activities in this department. In organization design, there is need to focus on developing organizational structures which not only help in the achievement of the short term goals but whose application will lead to the realization of the company long-term goals. In general, what the recommendation focus on is the integration of all the areas of the organization. There is no department that can exist on its own and they all depend or affect each other in one way or the other. As such, when making decision concerning a particular area the internal and external factors should be considered. Moreover the various departments should be coordinated such that they help in the realization of a common goal. The organization should also be responsive to external factors which can make a company succeed or

Building Information Modeling In Site Management Construction Essay

Building Information Modeling In Site Management Construction Essay The construction industry is ever evolving with increasing performance demand. Project handover deadlines are shorter, costs are tighter, regulation more stringent, project briefs are more complex, construction procurement methods more varied, Technology forever developing, parallel to technology quality more difficult to achieve and maintain. How do we, as construction professionals, respond to these increasing demands and retain implementing quality in an environment of such increasing complexity and competing constrain? The purpose is to deconstruct the process of managing construction site to investigate how a BIM approach to design and development as well as documentation might assist us to meet the future demands of implementation and site management practice. I will try to focus on present techniques used and successfully implemented examples, especially with the help of BIM tools to assist the process of site management. This report will show an outline methodology in regard to the site management work flow in practice. Particular emphasis will be placed upon the fast track nature of site implementation that is becoming more commonplace in the construction industry. These approaches, supported by property developed and implemented standard and procedures will assist to maximize the efficiency of our practices workflow as well as clarify some myths under the increasing pressure of contemporary site management. Keywords: BIM, Construction, Site Management, Site implementation, collision. Background Industrial Context Managing site is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of human multitasking. Normally, the job is managed by a project manager, and supervised by a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project architect. For the successful management and execution of a construction project, effective planning and technical supports are essential. Involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider the environmental impact of the work, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction site safety, availability of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding, etc. Participants in the whole managing process are constantly challenged to deliver successful projects despite tight budgets, limited manpower, accelerated schedules, and limited or conflicting information. The BIM concept en visages virtual construction of a facility prior to its actual physical construction, in order to reduce uncertainty, improve safety, work out problems, and simulate and analyze potential impacts.  [1]  Sub-contractors from every trade can input critical information into the model before beginning construction, with opportunities to pre-fabricate or pre-assemble some systems off-site. Problem Of course, BIM is an absolutely wonderful tool, and it has great potential to streamline costs, processes and time, to help different disciplines communicate effectively and to ensure little confusion on a construction site. But to get to that promised land of benefits, you have to pass through the wilderness of adoption, which always seems to hinge on organizational change, not technology. This is the inconvenient truth. Without having a clear concept and following some myths, BIM has become another cost, instead of a cost-savings tool for site management. Learning Objectives: What is BIM? What is virtual construction and how it helps to manage site? What is BIM 3D to 6D approaches for construction site management? How BIM collaborate all contractor works in a single platform to the project from collision? Approach Masters(ConREM) Course materials of Product Modeling, literatures, recent real estate journals, Conference Lectures of world renowned practicing BIM experts and site managers of these days were my key features for investigation and analysis of this discussion topic. Course materials were well organized and highly informative to understand BIM and personally I have used 2D / 3D CAD for more than 2 years and have had the opportunity to work in a largest construction site (satellite city) in Bangladesh as a Project Engineer in my professional career. Analysis What is BIM? Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. A BIM is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition.  [2]  For the professionals involved in a project, BIM enables a virtual information model to be handed from the design team (architects, surveyors, civil, structural and building services engineers, etc.) to the main contractor and subcontractors and then on to the owner/operator; each professional adds discipline-specific knowledge to the single shared model. This reduces information losses that traditionally occurred when a new team takes ownership of the project, and provides more extensive information to owners of complex structures. BIM can be used to demonstrate the entire building life cycle, supporting processes including cost management, construction management, project management and facility operation. Quantities and shared properties of materials can be extracted easily. Scopes of work can be isolated and defined. Systems, assemblies and sequences can be shown in a relative scale with the entire facility or group of facilities. Dynamic information about the building, such as sensor measurements and control signals from the building systems, can also be incorporated within BIM to support analysis of building operation and maintenance.  [3]  BIM also prevents errors by enabling conflict or clash detection whereby the computer model visually highlights to the team where parts of the building (e.g.: structural frame and building services pipes or ducts) may wrongly intersect. Features of BIM in site management One of the features of BIM in site management is Virtual design and construction. Virtual Design and Construction is the use of integrated multi-disciplinary performance models of design-construction projects to support explicit and public business objectives. Virtual models are virtual because they show computer-based descriptions of the project. The Virtual project model emphasizes those aspects of the project that can be designed and managed, i.e., the product (typically a building or plant), the organization that will define, design, construct and operate it, and the process that the site management teams will follow. These models are logically integrated in the sense that they all can access shared data, and if a user highlights or changes an aspect of one, the integrated models can highlight or change the dependent aspects of related models. The models are multi-disciplinary in the sense that they represent the Architect, Engineering, Contractor (AEC) and Owner of the project, as well as relevant sub disciplines. The models are performance models in the sense that they predict some aspects of project performance, track many that are relevant, and can show predicted and measured performance in relationship to stated project performance objectives. 3D Model Model walkthroughs: These provide a great visualization tool enabling designers and contractors to work together to identify and resolve problems with the help of the model before walking on-site. Clash detection: Traditionally design drawings must be coordinated to assure that different building systems do not clash and can actually be constructed in the allowed space. Accordingly, most clashes are identified when the contractor receives the design drawings and everyone is on-site and working. With clashes being detected so late, delay is caused and decisions need to be made very quickly in order to provide a solution. BIM enables potential problems to be identified early in the design phase and resolved before construction begins. Illustrating the advantages of BIM, one project for the General Services Administration in America saw BIM model reviewers find 257 constructability issues and 7,213 conflicts. On the same project, traditional plan reviewers found six constructability issues and one conflict. Project visualization: Simple schedule simulation can show the owner what the building will look like as construction progresses. This provides a very useful and successful marketing tool for all those involved in a project. Contractors can also use project visualization to understand how the building will come together. Virtual mock-up models: Often on large projects the owner will request physical mock-up models so they can visualize, better understand and make decisions about the aesthetics and the functionality of part of the project. BIM modeling enables virtual mock-ups to be made and tested for a fraction of the cost. Prefabrication: The level of construction information in a BIM model means that prefabrication can be utilized with greater assurance that prefabricated components will fit once on-site. As a result, more construction work can be performed offsite, cost efficiently, in controlled factory conditions and then efficiently installed. 4D Time Construction planning and management: BIM models provide a means of verifying site logistics and yard operations by including tools to visually depict the space utilization of the job site throughout a projects construction. The model can include temporary components such as cranes, Lorries and fencing. Traffic access routes for lorries, cranes, lifts, and other large items can also be incorporated into the model as part of the logistics plan. Tools can further be used to enhance the planning and monitoring of health and safety precautions needed on-site as the project progresses. Schedule visualization: By watching the schedule visualization, project members will be able to make sound decisions based upon multiple sources of accurate real-time information. Within the BIM model a chart can be used to show the critical path and visually show the dependency of some sequences on others. As the design is changed, advanced BIM models will be able to automatically identify those changes that will affect the critical path and indicate what there corresponding impact will be on the overall delivery of the project. 5D Cost Quantity Takeoffs: To determine a projects construction cost and requirements, contractors traditionally perform material take-offs manually, a process fraught with the potential for error. With BIM, the model includes information that allows a contractor to accurately and rapidly generate an array of essential estimating information, such as materials quantities and costs, size and area estimates, and productivity projections. As changes are made, estimating information automatically adjusts, allowing greater contractor productivity. Real Time cost estimating: In a BIM model cost data can be added to each object enabling the model to automatically calculate a rough estimate of material costs. This provides a valuable tool for designers, enabling them to conduct value engineering. However, it should be noted that overall project pricing would still require the expertise of a cost estimator. 6D Facilities Management Lifecycle management: Where a model is created by the designer and updated throughout the construction phase, it will have the capacity to become an as built model, which also can be turned over to the owner. The model will be able to contain all of the specifications, operation and maintenance (OM) manuals and warranty information, useful for future maintenance. This eliminates the problems that can currently be experienced if the OM manual has been misplaced or is kept at a remote location. Data Capture: Sensors can feed back and record data relevant to the operation phase of a building, enabling BIM to be used to model and evaluate energy efficiency, monitor a buildings life cycle costs and optimize its cost efficiency. It also enables the owner to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of any proposed upgrades. Project communication and Collaboration Communication is essential to integrated site management processes. Without tools that simplify communication and allow the decision maker to make timely decisions, it is difficult to minimize errors and keep everyone in the loop. A collaborative approach by BIM to project communications is the best way to minimize problems. In an integrated process, it is the only way. Different BIM models ideally, a construction project would utilize a single BIM model used by designers, contractors, subcontractors and fabricators for all purposes. Each party could access the model at will, adding content that all others could immediately utilize. The reality is that for many years there will rarely be a single BIM model. The architect may have its design model, each engineer may have an analysis model for its discipline, and the contractor may have a construction simulation model and the fabricator its shop drawing or fabrication model. Interoperability the sharing of information between these di fferent models is critical to the collaborative use of BIM, by assuring that each model consistently represents the same building. However, current technologies, and levels of BIM adoption, do not yet allow seamless coordination between different BIM models. The use of multiple models undermines the collaborative use of BIM and prevents project parties from reaping the full benefits of BIMs capabilities. Identify Collisions before They Cause Issues in the Field: Heres an example of how BIM can dramatically reduce construction cost overruns. KAI was providing BIM services for a large hospital project already under construction. When the managers integrated the MEP, HVAC and fire protection drawings into BIM model, they detected a potential collision between the electrical cable raceways and the HVAC. Then they met with the owner, the designer and the affected contractors to review the 3-D BIM model and work out the best solution for co-locating the raceways and the HVAC. The three-hour meeting saved thousands of dollars in change orders and weeks of potential construction delays. In addition to collision detection, BIM enables the cost-saving power of reusability. For example, for health-care portfolio, they developed standard hospital room types in our BIM system that they continuously adapt for standard components, such as wall and bathroom designs. That allows them to build quickly and keep costs competitive. BIM also makes more off-site fabrication possible. BIMs benefits for general contractors include higher quality work completed on a faster schedule, better design visualization, ability to clarify and control scope of work, more detailed scheduling and phasing, more accurate estimates and quantity takeoffs, improved spatial coordination and, of course, better collision detection. Results and Business Impacts Key Findings BIM building information modelling is a co-ordinated set of processes, supported by technology, that add value by creating, managing and sharing the properties of an asset throughout its lifecycle. BIM incorporates data physical, commercial, environmental, and operational on every element of a developments design. Better outcomes through collaboration All project partners different design disciplines, the customer, contractor, specialists and suppliers use a single, shared 3D model, cultivating collaborative working relationships. This ensures everyone is focused on achieving best value, from project inception to eventual decommissioning. Enhanced performance BIM makes possible swift and accurate comparison of different design options, enabling development of more efficient, cost-effective and sustainable solutions. Optimised solutions Through deployment of new generative modelling technologies, solutions can be cost-effectively optimised against agreed parameters. Greater predictability Projects can be visualised at an early stage, giving owners and operators a clear idea of design intent and allowing them to modify the design to achieve the outcomes they want. In advance of construction, BIM also enables the project team to build the project in a virtual environment, rehearsing complex procedures, optimising temporary works designs and planning procurement of materials, equipment and manpower. Faster project delivery Time savings, up to 50%, can be achieved by agreeing the design concept early in project development to eliminate late stage design changes; using standard design elements when practicable; resolving complex construction details before the project goes on site; avoiding clashes; taking advantage of intelligence and automation within the model to check design integrity and estimate quantities; producing fabrication and construction drawings from the model; and using data to control construction equipment. Reduced safety risk Crowd behaviour and fire modelling capability enable designs to be optimised for public safety. Asset managers can use the 3D model to enhance operational safety. Contractors can minimise construction risks by reviewing complex details or procedures before going on site. Fits first time Integrating multidisciplinary design inputs using a single 3D model allows interface issues to be identified and resolved in advance of construction, eliminating the cost and time impacts of redesign. The model also enables new and existing assets to be integrated seamlessly. Reduced waste Exact quantity take-offs mean that materials are not over-ordered. Precise programme scheduling enables just-in-time delivery of materials and equipment, reducing potential for damage. Use of BIM for automated fabrication of equipment and components enables more efficient materials handling and waste recovery. Whole life asset management BIM models contain product information that assists with commissioning, operation and maintenance activities for example sequences for start-up and shut-down, interactive 3D diagrams showing how to take apart and reassemble equipment items and specifications allowing replacement parts to be ordered. Continual improvement Members of the project team can feed back information about the performance of processes and items of equipment, driving improvements on subsequent projects Business Impact BIM is the future of construction and long term facility management but there is still much confusion about what exactly it is and how it should be utilized and implemented. BIM is a relatively new technology in an industry typically slow to adopt change. Yet many early adopters are confident that BIM will grow to play an even more crucial role in building documentation. BIM provides the potential for a virtual information model to be handed from Design Team (architects, surveyors, consulting engineers, and others) to Contractor and Subcontractors and then to the Owner, each adding their own additional discipline-specific knowledge and tracking of changes to the single model. The result greatly reduces information losses in transfer. It also prevents errors made at the different stages of development/construction by allowing the use of conflict detection where the model actually informs the team about parts of the building in conflict or clashing. It also offers detailed computer visualization of each part in relation to the total building. Conclusion BIM is much more than an electronic drawing tool. In a nutshell, BIM is the creation of a complete digital representation of all stages of the building process in order to facilitate the exchange of project information in a digital format. Driven by an information-rich database, it enables members of the project team to simulate the structure and all of its systems in three dimensions and to share this information. The drawings, specifications and construction details are integral to the model. As a result, the team members are able to identify design issues and construction conflicts well before the first earth mover arrives at the site. A project can realize its greatest potential and highest value when it is collaboratively designed and built that is, when the entire design team works together starting in the early planning and design phase. When effectively used by all key members of a project team the architecture/engineering firm (A/E), general contractor or construction manage r, and specialty contractors, in particular, the mechanical, electrical, plumbing and fire protection contractors BIM is a platform for true collaboration. In fact, input from the mechanical, electrical, plumbing and fire protection contractors in the design phase is critically important to prevent collisions or conflicts in the field. Practical Tips and Key Lessons: Virtual modeling by BIM 3D to 6D approach Cost saving More organized site management Prediction of site problems Collaboration of site works Well scheduled management of site Acknowledgements I would like to thanks my BIM course tutor Janne Salin (part time lecturer, ConREM) and Pà ¤ivi Jà ¤và ¤jà ¤ (teacher, ConREM) for providing me helpful information in the field of Building Information Modeling.